Lecture 13: semantic parsing; statistical and neural machine translation

Semantic parsing: supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised. FrameNet. Abstract Meaning Representations.

Introduction to Machine Translation. Rule-based vs. Statistical MT. Statistical MT: the noisy channel model. The language model and the translation model. The phrase-based translation model. Learning a model of training. Phrase-translation tables. Parallel corpora. Extracting phrases from word alignments. Word alignments. IBM models for word alignment. Many-to-one and many-to-many alignments. IBM model 1 and the HMM alignment model. Training the alignment models: the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. Symmetrizing alignments for phrase-based MT: symmetrizing by intersection; the growing heuristic. Calculating the phrase translation table. Decoding: stack decoding. Evaluation of MT systems. BLEU. Neural MT: the encoder-decoder architecture; advantages; results.

Lecture 12: Entity linking; semantic similarity; sense embedding; semantic parsing; project presentation

Entity Linking. Main approaches. AIDA, TagMe, Wikifier, DBpedia spotlight, Babelfy. The MASC annotated corpus. Semantic similarity. Sense embeddings. Project presentation.

Lecture 11: Word Sense Disambiguation

Introduction to Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD). Motivation. The typical WSD framework. Lexical sample vs. all-words. WSD viewed as lexical substitution and cross-lingual lexical substitution. Knowledge resources. Representation of context: flat and structured representations. Main approaches to WSD: Supervised, unsupervised and knowledge-based WSD. Two important dimensions: supervision and knowledge. Supervised Word Sense Disambiguation: pros and cons. Vector representation of context. Main supervised disambiguation paradigms: decision trees, neural networks, instance-based learning, Support Vector Machines, IMS with embeddings, neural approaches to WSD. Unsupervised Word Sense Disambiguation: Word Sense Induction. Context-based clustering. Co-occurrence graphs: curvature clustering, HyperLex. Knowledge-based Word Sense Disambiguation. The Lesk and Extended Lesk algorithm. Structural approaches: similarity measures and graph algorithms. Conceptual density. Structural Semantic Interconnections. Evaluation: precision, recall, F1, accuracy. Baselines. Entity Linking.

Lecture 10: computational semantics (2/2)

Encoding word senses: paper dictionaries, thesauri, machine-readable dictionary, computational lexicons. WordNet. Wordnets in other languages. Problems of wordnets. BabelNet. Presentation of the third homework: question-answer pair extraction.